球阀是近年来发展为迅速、应用日益广泛的一类阀门。球阀的启闭件是一个带圆形通孔的球体，球体绕阀体中心线旋转90°即可完成从全开到全关的切换。球阀的结构与旋塞阀相似，因此也有人称其为“球形旋塞阀”。

Ball valves are a type of valve that has developed rapidly and become increasingly widely used in recent years. The opening and closing component of a ball valve is a spherical body with a circular through-hole, which can be rotated 90 ° around the centerline of the valve body to complete the switch from fully open to fully closed. The structure of a ball valve is similar to that of a plug valve, so some people also refer to it as a "spherical plug valve".

球阀的工作原理出彩为简洁——旋转阀杆90°，球体随之旋转90°。当球体的通孔与管道轴线对齐时，介质畅通无阻，阀门全开；当球体旋转90°使通孔与管道轴线垂直时，球体的实心部分阻断流道，阀门全关。这种90°旋转的操作方式使球阀具有开关迅速、操作轻便的突出优点。

The working principle of a ball valve is extremely simple - rotate the valve stem 90 °, and the ball will rotate 90 ° accordingly. When the through-hole of the sphere is aligned with the axis of the pipeline, the medium is unobstructed and the valve is fully opened; When the sphere rotates 90 ° to make the through-hole perpendicular to the pipeline axis, the solid part of the sphere blocks the flow channel and the valve is fully closed. This 90 ° rotation operation method gives the ball valve outstanding advantages of quick opening and easy operation.

球阀的核心优势可以概括为以下几点。密封可靠——球体与阀座（通常为聚四氟乙烯等塑料材料）之间为面接触密封，密封面积大，且球面在关闭状态下始终与阀座贴合，不易被介质冲蚀。结构简单、体积小、重量轻——相比同口径的闸阀和截止阀，球阀的体形更为紧凑。维修方便——球阀的零部件数量少，拆装维护较为简便。适用范围广——球阀可以做成很大的口径，适用于从真空到高压、从低温到高温的多种工况。

The core advantages of ball valves can be summarized as follows. Reliable sealing - there is a surface contact seal between the sphere and the valve seat (usually made of plastic materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene), with a large sealing area, and the sphere always adheres to the valve seat in the closed state, making it less susceptible to erosion by the medium. Simple structure, small size, and light weight - compared to gate valves and globe valves of the same caliber, ball valves have a more compact body shape. Easy maintenance - Ball valves have a small number of components, making disassembly and maintenance relatively simple. Wide applicability - Ball valves can be made with large diameters and are suitable for various working conditions ranging from vacuum to high pressure, and from low to high temperature.

球阀的种类十分繁多，大致可分为浮动球球阀和固定球球阀两大类。浮动球球阀的球体在阀体内可自由浮动，靠介质压力将球体压向出口侧阀座实现密封，适用于中低压工况。固定球球阀的球体由上下阀杆固定，不能浮动，靠弹簧或介质压力推动阀座压向球体实现密封，适用于高压大口径工况。按球体通孔的形状，又可分为全通径球阀（球体通孔直径与管道内径一致，流阻出彩小）和缩径球阀（球体通孔直径小于管道内径，流阻稍大但扭矩更小）。设计成V形开口的球阀还具有良好的流量调节功能。

There are many types of ball valves, which can be roughly divided into two categories: floating ball valves and fixed ball valves. The ball of the floating ball valve can freely float inside the valve body, and the ball is pressed towards the outlet side valve seat by the medium pressure to achieve sealing, suitable for medium and low pressure conditions. The ball of the fixed ball valve is fixed by the upper and lower valve stems and cannot float. It is sealed by the spring or medium pressure pushing the valve seat towards the ball, suitable for high-pressure and large-diameter working conditions. According to the shape of the spherical through-hole, it can be divided into full bore ball valves (the diameter of the spherical through-hole is consistent with the inner diameter of the pipeline, with extremely low flow resistance) and reduced bore ball valves (the diameter of the spherical through-hole is smaller than the inner diameter of the pipeline, with slightly higher flow resistance but lower torque). The ball valve designed with a V-shaped opening also has good flow regulation function.

良工阀门生产的球阀产品种类丰富。浮动式球阀适用于一般工况。固定式球阀适用于高压大口径工况。焊接保温球阀适用于需要保温的介质。电动球阀和气动球阀可实现远程自动化控制。此外还有高温球阀、埋地式焊接球阀等多种特种产品。良工球阀产品可覆盖从DN15到DN1000以上的口径范围，材质包括碳钢、不锈钢、合金钢等。

Lianggong Valve produces a wide variety of ball valve products. Floating ball valves are suitable for general working conditions. Fixed ball valves are suitable for high-pressure and large-diameter working conditions. Welded insulated ball valves are suitable for media that require insulation. Electric ball valves and pneumatic ball valves can achieve remote automation control. In addition, there are various special products such as high-temperature ball valves and buried welded ball valves. Lianggong ball valve products can cover a diameter range from DN15 to DN1000 and above, with materials including carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy steel, etc.

球阀广泛应用于石油炼制、长输管线、化工、造纸、制药、水利、电力、市政、钢铁等行业。其“快开快关”的特性使其非常适用于需要频繁操作或紧急切断的场合。近年来，随着球阀制造工艺的不断进步和密封材料的持续改进，球阀正逐步替代部分传统闸阀和截止阀的应用场景，成为工业阀门领域不可或缺的重要成员。

Ball valves are widely used in industries such as petroleum refining, long-distance pipelines, chemical, papermaking, pharmaceuticals, water conservancy, power, municipal, and steel. Its fast opening and closing characteristics make it particularly suitable for situations that require frequent operation or emergency shutdown. In recent years, with the continuous progress of ball valve manufacturing technology and the continuous improvement of sealing materials, ball valves are gradually replacing some traditional gate valves and globe valves in application scenarios, becoming an indispensable and important member of the industrial valve field.

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