减压阀是出口压力控制阀（常开阀），由出口压力控制并保持出口压力恒定；减压阀主要用于减小液压系统中某一支路的压力，并使其保持恒定。

　　A pressure reducing valve is an outlet pressure control valve (normally open valve) that is controlled by the outlet pressure and maintains a constant outlet pressure; Pressure reducing valves are mainly used to reduce the pressure of a certain branch in hydraulic systems and keep it constant.

　　直动式和先导式

　　Direct acting and pilot operated

　　减压阀从结构上可以分为直动式和先导式。

　　Pressure reducing valves can be structurally divided into direct acting and pilot operated types.

　　直动式减压阀

　　Direct acting pressure reducing valve

　　直动式减压阀是出口压力产生的力直接与调节弹簧对抗决定开闭。随着出口压力增高，阀口逐渐关闭，实现压力恒定。

　　The direct acting pressure reducing valve is determined to open and close by the force generated by the outlet pressure directly opposing the regulating spring. As the outlet pressure increases, the valve gradually closes to achieve constant pressure.

　　先导式式减压阀

　　Pilot operated pressure reducing valve

　　先导式减压阀的出口压力先作用于先导弹簧，克服先导弹簧后打开先导口，此时液体在阀内流通，由于主阀芯内有阻尼孔，液体在流经阻尼孔时产生进出口压差，主阀芯在此压差下逐渐关闭，实现压力恒定。

　　The outlet pressure of the pilot operated pressure reducing valve first acts on the pilot spring, overcomes the pilot spring, and opens the pilot port. At this time, the liquid flows inside the valve. Due to the damping hole in the main valve core, the liquid generates an inlet and outlet pressure difference when flowing through the damping hole. The main valve core gradually closes under this pressure difference, achieving a constant pressure.

　　两种减压阀的特点

　　Characteristics of two types of pressure reducing valves

　　直动式减压阀特点

　　Characteristics of direct acting pressure reducing valve

　　结构简单：结构紧凑，易于维护。

　　Simple structure: compact and easy to maintain.

　　响应速度快：直接由入口压力驱动阀芯动作，响应速度快，适用于需要快速响应的场合。

　　Fast response speed: The valve core is directly driven by the inlet pressure, with a fast response speed, suitable for situations that require quick response.

　　稳定性相对较差：受入口压力波动影响较大，出口压力稳定性相对较低。

　　Relatively poor stability: greatly affected by inlet pressure fluctuations, outlet pressure stability is relatively low.

　　适用范围窄：适用于低压差、小流量的工况。

　　Narrow applicability: suitable for low pressure drop and low flow conditions.

　　泄漏量小：通常泄漏量较小。

　　Small leakage: Usually, the leakage is small.

　　先导式减压阀特点

　　Characteristics of pilot operated pressure reducing valve

　　结构复杂：由先导阀和主阀两部分组成，结构相对复杂。

　　Complex structure: Composed of a pilot valve and a main valve, the structure is relatively complex.

　　响应速度相对较慢：先导阀的动作需要一定的时间来响应，因此响应速度相对较慢。

　　Relatively slow response speed: The action of the pilot valve requires a certain amount of time to respond, so the response speed is relatively slow.

　　适用范围广：能够适应较大的压力差和流量，可用于各种工况，包括高压、大流量的场合。

　　Wide applicability: It can adapt to large pressure differences and flow rates, and can be used in various working conditions, including high-pressure and high flow situations.

　　稳定性好：出口压力受入口压力波动影响较小，稳定性较好。

　　Good stability: The outlet pressure is less affected by fluctuations in the inlet pressure, indicating good stability.

　　泄漏量相对较大：由于结构复杂，通常泄漏量会略大于直动式减压阀。

　　The leakage amount is relatively large: due to the complex structure, the leakage amount is usually slightly larger than that of a direct acting pressure reducing valve.

　　应用场合

　　Application scenarios

　　① 降低液压泵输出油的压力，供给低压回路使用，如控制回路、润滑系统，以及夹紧、定位和分度装置等回路。

　　① Reduce the pressure of the hydraulic pump output oil and supply it to low-pressure circuits, such as control circuits, lubrication systems, and clamping, positioning, and indexing devices.

　　② 稳定压力。减压阀输出的二次压力比较稳定，使执行元件工作可以避免一次压力油波动对它的影响。

　　② Stable pressure. The secondary pressure output of the pressure reducing valve is relatively stable, which can avoid the impact of primary pressure oil fluctuations on the operation of the actuator.

　　③ 根据不同需要，将液压系统分成若干不同压力的油路，以满足控制油路、辅助油路或各种执行元件需要的不同工作压力。

　　③ According to different needs, the hydraulic system is divided into several oil circuits with different pressures to meet the different working pressures required by the control oil circuit, auxiliary oil circuit, or various actuating components.

　　④ 与单向阀并联实现单向减压。

　　④ Parallel connection with a one-way valve to achieve one-way pressure reduction.

　　⑤ 与节流阀串联，可以保证节流阀前、后压力差为恒定，从而保证流过节流阀的流量不随负载的变化而变化。

　　⑤ Connecting in series with the throttle valve can ensure a constant pressure difference between the front and rear of the throttle valve, thereby ensuring that the flow rate through the throttle valve does not change with changes in load.

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