闸阀是指关闭件（闸板）沿通路中心线的垂直方向移动的阀门。 闸阀在管路中主要作切断用。 闸阀是使用很广的一种阀门，一般口径DN≥50mm的切断装置都选用它，有时口径 很小的切断装置也选用闸阀，闸阀有以下优点： 

　　Gate valve refers to a valve whose closing element (gate) moves vertically along the centerline of the passage. Gate valves are mainly used for cutting off in pipelines. Gate valve is a widely used type of valve, generally used for cutting devices with a diameter of DN ≥ 50mm. Sometimes, gate valves are also used for cutting devices with very small diameters. Gate valves have the following advantages:

　　①流体阻力小。

　　① Low fluid resistance.

　　②开闭所需外力较小。

　　② The external force required for opening and closing is relatively small.

　　③介质的流向不受限制。

　　③ The flow direction of the medium is not restricted.

　　④全开时，密封面受工作介质的冲蚀比截止阀小。

　　④ When fully open, the sealing surface is less susceptible to erosion by the working medium than the globe valve.

　　⑤体形比较简单，铸造工艺性较好。?

　　⑤ The body shape is relatively simple and the casting process is good.?

　　闸阀也有不足之处：?

　　Gate valves also have shortcomings:?

　　①外形尺寸和开启高度都较大。安装所需空间较大。

　　① The external dimensions and opening height are both relatively large. The installation requires a large amount of space.

　　②开闭过程中，密封面间有相对摩擦，容易引起擦伤现象。

　　② During the opening and closing process, there is relative friction between the sealing surfaces, which can easily cause abrasion.

　　③闸阀一般都有两个密封面，给加工、研磨和维修增加一些困难。

　　③ Gate valves generally have two sealing surfaces, which add some difficulties to processing, grinding, and maintenance.

　　根据密封元件的形式，常常把闸阀分成几种不同的类型，如：楔式闸阀、平行式闸阀、平行双闸板闸阀、楔式双闸板闸等。最常用的形式是楔式闸阀和平行式闸阀。

　　According to the form of sealing components, gate valves are often divided into several different types, such as wedge gate valves, parallel gate valves, parallel double gate valves, wedge double gate valves, etc. The most commonly used forms are wedge gate valves and parallel gate valves.

　　闸阀是比较常见的通用阀门，用途比较广泛，主要应用于水利、冶金等行业，其广泛的使用性能得到了市场的认可，下面就闸阀的结构、使用、故障排除、质量检测等方面进行一般性论述。一结构

　　Gate valve is a common universal valve with a wide range of applications, mainly used in industries such as water conservancy and metallurgy. Its extensive performance has been recognized by the market. Below is a general discussion on the structure, use, troubleshooting, quality inspection, and other aspects of gate valves. One structure

　　闸阀的结构：闸阀是利用闸板和阀座来控制启闭的阀门。闸阀主要有阀体、阀座、闸板、阀杆、阀盖、填料函、填料压盖、阀杆螺母、手轮等构成。依靠闸板与阀座间相对位置的改变，即可改变通道大小又可截断通道。为使闸阀能够关闭严密，闸板与阀座配合面经过研磨。

　　The structure of a gate valve: A gate valve is a valve that uses a gate and a seat to control its opening and closing. Gate valves are mainly composed of valve body, valve seat, gate plate, valve stem, valve cover, packing box, packing gland, valve stem nut, handwheel, etc. By changing the relative position between the gate and the valve seat, the size of the channel can be changed and the channel can be cut off. To ensure that the gate valve can be tightly closed, the mating surface between the gate plate and the valve seat is ground.

　　根据闸阀结构形状不同，可将闸阀分为楔式和平行式两大类。

　　According to the different structural shapes of gate valves, they can be divided into two categories: wedge type and parallel type.

　　楔式闸阀的闸板呈锲形，密封面与通道中心线成一倾斜角度，利用闸板和阀座间楔的作用达到密封（关闭）。楔式板可以是单闸板，也可以是双闸板。平行式闸阀的密封面是相互平行的，且与通道中心线垂直，分为有撑开机构和无撑开机构两种。有撑开机构的双闸板，当闸板下降时，两平行闸板的楔块靠斜面将两闸板撑开在阀座上，截断流道，当闸板上升开启时，锲块与闸板配合面脱离，闸板上升到一定高度，楔块被闸板上的凸台托起。无撑开机构的双闸板，当闸板沿两平行阀座面滑到阀座内时，利用流体的压力将闸板压在阀门出口侧的阀体上，密封流体。

　　The gate of the wedge gate valve is wedge-shaped, and the sealing surface is inclined at an angle to the centerline of the channel. The sealing (closing) is achieved by the wedge effect between the gate and the valve seat. Wedge plates can be single gate or double gate. The sealing surfaces of parallel gate valves are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the centerline of the channel, and are divided into two types: those with expansion mechanism and those without expansion mechanism. A double gate with an opening mechanism, when the gate descends, the wedges of the two parallel gate plates are supported by inclined surfaces to open the two gate plates on the valve seat, cutting off the flow channel. When the gate plate rises and opens, the wedge block disengages from the mating surface of the gate plate, and when the gate plate rises to a certain height, the wedge block is supported by the protrusion on the gate plate. The double gate without a supporting mechanism, when the gate slides along two parallel valve seat surfaces into the valve seat, uses the pressure of the fluid to press the gate onto the valve body on the outlet side of the valve, sealing the fluid.

　　根据闸板启闭时阀杆运动情况的不同，闸阀分为明杆闸阀和暗杆闸阀两类。明杆闸阀的阀杆和闸板在开启或关闭时，同时上升和下降；暗杆闸阀在开启或关闭时，阀杆仅作旋转运动，看不到阀杆的升降，阀板作上升或下降运动。明杆闸阀的优点是能通过阀杆上升高度判断通道开启高度，但能缩短占有高度。当面向手轮或手柄时，顺时针方向转动手轮或手柄，阀门为关。

　　According to the different movement of the valve stem during gate opening and closing, gate valves are divided into two types: rising stem gate valves and hidden stem gate valves. The stem and gate of a rising stem gate valve rise and fall simultaneously when opened or closed; When the concealed stem gate valve is opened or closed, the valve stem only rotates and the lifting of the valve stem cannot be seen. The valve plate moves up or down. The advantage of a rising stem gate valve is that it can determine the opening height of the channel by the height of the valve stem, but it can also shorten the occupied height. When facing the handwheel or handle, turn the handwheel or handle clockwise to close the valve.

　　二闸阀使用的场合和选用原则

　　The occasions and selection principles for the use of gate valves

　　01平板闸阀

　　01 Flat Gate Valve

　　平板闸阀的使用场合：（1）石油、天然气输送管线，带导流孔的平板闸阀还便于清扫管线。（2）成品油的输送管线和储存设备。（3）石油、天然气的开采口装置。（4）带有悬浮颗粒介质的管道。（5）城市煤气输送管线。（6）自来水工程。

　　Application scenarios of flat gate valves: (1) For oil and gas transmission pipelines, flat gate valves with guide holes are also convenient for cleaning pipelines. (2) Transportation pipelines and storage equipment for refined oil products. (3) Oil and natural gas extraction facilities. (4) Pipelines with suspended particulate media. (5) Urban gas transmission pipeline. (6) Water supply project.

　　平板闸阀的选用原则：（1）石油、天然气的输送管线，选用单闸板或双闸板的平板闸阀。如需清扫管线的，选用单闸板带导流孔的明杆平板闸阀。（2）成品油的输送管线和储存设备，选用无导流孔的单闸板或双闸板的平板闸阀。（3）石油、天然气的开采口装置，选用暗杆浮动阀座带导流孔的单闸板或双闸板的平板闸阀。（4）带有悬浮颗粒介质的管道，选用刀形平板闸阀。（5）城市煤气输送管线，选用单闸板或双闸板软密封明杆平板闸阀。（6）自来水工程，选用单闸板或双闸板无导流孔明杆平板闸阀。

　　The selection principle of flat gate valves: (1) For oil and gas transmission pipelines, single or double gate flat gate valves should be selected. If pipeline cleaning is required, choose a rising stem flat gate valve with a single gate and guide hole. (2) For the transportation pipelines and storage equipment of finished oil products, single or double gate flat gate valves without diversion holes shall be selected. (3) The extraction port equipment for oil and natural gas shall use single or double gate flat gate valves with concealed floating valve seats and guide holes. (4) For pipelines with suspended particulate media, knife shaped flat gate valves are selected. (5) Single or double gate soft sealed rising stem flat gate valves are selected for urban gas transmission pipelines. (6) For water engineering, single or double gate open stem flat gate valves without diversion holes shall be selected.

　　02楔式闸阀楔式闸阀的适用场合：在各种类型的阀门中，闸阀是应用*广泛的一种，它一般只适用于全开或全关，不能作调节和节流使用。

　　02 Wedge Gate Valve Application: Among various types of valves, gate valve is the most widely used one. It is generally only suitable for fully open or fully closed and cannot be used for regulation or throttling.

　　楔式闸阀一般用在对阀门的外形尺寸没有严格要求，而且使用条件又比较苛刻的场所。如高温高压的工作介质，要求关闭件要保证长期密封的情况下等。

　　Wedge gate valves are generally used in places where there are no strict requirements for the external dimensions of the valve and the usage conditions are relatively harsh. For working media with high temperature and pressure, it is required to ensure long-term sealing of the closing components.

　　通常，使用条件或要求密封性能可靠，高压、高压截止（压差大）、低压截止（压差小）、低噪音、有气穴和汽化现象、高温介质、低温（深冷）时，推荐使用锲式闸阀。如电力工业、石油冶炼、石油化工、海洋石油、城市建设中自来水工程和污水处理工程，化工等领域中应用较多。

　　Usually, reliable sealing performance is required for high pressure, high pressure cutoff (large pressure difference), low pressure cutoff (small pressure difference), low noise, cavitation and vaporization phenomena, high temperature medium, and low temperature (deep cold). It is recommended to use wedge gate valves. It is widely used in fields such as power industry, petroleum smelting, petrochemicals, offshore oil, urban construction, water engineering and sewage treatment engineering, and chemical industry.

　　选用原则：（1）对阀门流体特性的要求。流阻小、流通能力强、流量特性好、密封要求严的工况选用闸阀。（2）高温、高压介质。如高压蒸汽、高温高压油品。（3）低温（深冷）介质。如液氨、液氢、液氧等介质。（4）低压大口径。如自来水工程、污水处理工程。（5）安装位置：当安装高度受限制时选用暗杆锲式闸阀；当高度不受限制时选用明杆锲式闸阀。（6）只能做全开或全关用，不能作调节和节流用的场合，才能选用锲式闸阀。三常见故障与维修

　　Selection principle: (1) Requirements for valve fluid characteristics. Gate valves are selected for working conditions with low flow resistance, strong flow capacity, good flow characteristics, and strict sealing requirements. (2) High temperature and high-pressure media. Such as high-pressure steam, high-temperature and high-pressure oil products. (3) Low temperature (cryogenic) medium. Such as liquid ammonia, liquid hydrogen, liquid oxygen and other media. (4) Low pressure large caliber. Such as water supply projects and sewage treatment projects. (5) Installation position: When the installation height is limited, use a concealed stem wedge gate valve; When the height is not limited, choose a rising stem wedge gate valve. (6) Wedge gate valves can only be used for fully open or fully closed applications and cannot be used for regulating or throttling purposes. Three common faults and maintenance

　　01闸阀的常见故障及原因闸阀使用后，由于介质温度、压力、腐蚀及各接触件相对运动等作用，常出现以下问题。（1）泄漏：分为两种，即外部泄漏和内部泄漏。向阀外的泄漏称为外漏，外漏常见于填料箱、法兰连接处。填料箱泄漏的原因：填料品种或质量不符合要求；填料老化或阀杆磨损；填料压盖松动；阀杆表面擦伤。法兰连接处泄漏的原因：垫片材质或尺寸不符合要求；法兰密封面加工质量差；连接螺栓紧固不当；管道配置不合理，在连接处产生过大附加载荷。阀门内部泄漏的原因：阀门关闭不严形成的泄漏为内部泄漏，是阀门密封面受到损坏或密封圈根部不严造成的。（1）腐蚀常为阀体、阀盖、阀杆、法兰密封面腐蚀。腐蚀主要是由于介质的作用，也有填料、垫片中释放出离子的作用。（2）擦伤：闸板与阀座在有一定接触比压情况下做相对运动时发生的局部表面拉毛或剥落现象。

　　Common faults and causes of 01 gate valve: After using the gate valve, the following problems often occur due to the effects of medium temperature, pressure, corrosion, and relative movement of various contact parts. (1) Leakage: There are two types, namely external leakage and internal leakage. Leakage to the outside of the valve is called external leakage, which is commonly found at packing boxes and flange connections. The reason for the leakage of the packing box: the type or quality of the packing does not meet the requirements; Aging of packing or wear of valve stem; Loose packing gland; Scratches on the surface of the valve stem. The reason for the leakage at the flange connection: the gasket material or size does not meet the requirements; Poor processing quality of flange sealing surface; Improper tightening of connecting bolts; The pipeline configuration is unreasonable, resulting in excessive additional load at the connection. The reason for internal leakage of valves: Leakage caused by loose valve closure is internal leakage, which is caused by damage to the valve sealing surface or loose sealing at the root of the sealing ring. (1) Corrosion often occurs on the valve body, valve cover, valve stem, and flange sealing surface. Corrosion is mainly caused by the action of the medium, as well as the release of ions from fillers and gaskets. (2) Scratch: Local surface abrasion or peeling phenomenon that occurs when the gate and valve seat move relative to each other under certain contact pressure.

　　02闸阀的维修

　　02 Maintenance of Gate Valve

　　（1）阀门外部泄漏的修理压紧填料时，应对称上压盖螺栓，避免压盖倾斜，并留有供压紧用的间隙。在压紧填料的同时应转动阀杆，以使阀杆周围填料均匀，并防止压的太死，以免影响阀杆转动，增加对填料的磨损，缩短使用寿命。阀杆表面擦伤，使介质易于外漏，应加工消除阀杆表面伤痕后再使用。对法兰连接处的外漏，若为垫片损坏，应更换；若为垫片材质选择不当，应选择能满足使用要求的材质；若为法兰密封面加工质量差，须拆下后对法兰密封面重新加工，直至合格为止。除此之外，适当紧固法兰螺栓，正确配置管道，避免在法兰连接处产生过大附加载荷，都有利于防止法兰连接处的泄漏。

　　(1) When repairing the external leakage of the valve and compressing the packing, the pressure cover bolt should be weighed to avoid tilting the cover and leave a gap for compression. At the same time as tightening the packing, the valve stem should be rotated to ensure even packing around the stem and prevent excessive pressure, which may affect the rotation of the stem, increase wear on the packing, and shorten its service life. The surface of the valve stem is scratched, making it easy for the medium to leak out. It should be processed to eliminate the surface scratches on the valve stem before use. For the external leakage at the flange connection, if the gasket is damaged, it should be replaced; If the material selection for the gasket is improper, a material that meets the usage requirements should be chosen; If the processing quality of the flange sealing surface is poor, it must be disassembled and reprocessed until it is qualified. In addition, properly tightening flange bolts, correctly configuring pipelines, and avoiding excessive additional loads at flange connections are all beneficial for preventing leakage at flange connections.

　　（2）阀门内部泄漏的修理内部泄漏的修理，是消除密封面损伤及密封圈根部不严（当密封圈用压入法或螺纹固定在阀板或阀座上时）。若密封面是在阀体、阀板上直接加工而成，不存在根部不严及泄漏的问题。当密封面严重损坏，且密封面是由密封圈形成时，应将旧圈去掉，另配一个新密封圈；若密封面是直接在阀体上加工出来的，则应先将损坏的密封面除去，之后将新换的密封圈或加工后的表面研磨成新的密封面。当密封面的划痕、撞伤、压伤、凹痕等缺陷小于0.05mm时，可用研磨消除。密封圈根部发生泄漏，当密封圈采用压入固定时，可将四氟乙烯带或白厚漆置于阀座或密封圈环槽底部后，再压入密封圈，使密封圈根部被填塞；当密封圈为螺纹固定时，应将聚四氟乙烯带或白厚漆置于螺纹间，以阻止流体从螺纹间泄漏。

　　(2) The repair of internal leakage in valves is to eliminate damage to the sealing surface and loose sealing at the root of the sealing ring (when the sealing ring is fixed on the valve plate or seat by pressing or threading). If the sealing surface is directly processed on the valve body or valve plate, there is no problem of loose roots or leakage. When the sealing surface is severely damaged and is formed by a sealing ring, the old ring should be removed and a new sealing ring should be installed; If the sealing surface is directly machined on the valve body, the damaged sealing surface should be removed first, and then the newly replaced sealing ring or machined surface should be ground into a new sealing surface. When the scratches, bumps, dents, and other defects on the sealing surface are less than 0.05mm, they can be eliminated by grinding. Leakage occurs at the root of the sealing ring. When the sealing ring is fixed by pressing, PTFE tape or thick white paint can be placed at the bottom of the valve seat or sealing ring groove, and then the sealing ring can be pressed in to fill the root of the sealing ring; When the sealing ring is fixed with threads, PTFE tape or thick white paint should be placed between the threads to prevent fluid leakage from between the threads.

　　（3）阀门腐蚀的修理一般情况下，阀体、阀盖均匀腐蚀，而阀杆常为点蚀。修理时，应先将腐蚀产物除去，对出现点蚀麻坑的阀杆，应在车床加工，消除凹陷，改用含有缓释剂的填料，或用蒸馏水清洗填料，除去填料中对阀杆有腐蚀作用的离子。（4）密封面擦伤的修理阀门使用中，应尽量防止密封面擦伤，关闭阀门时扭矩不能过大。如果密封面擦伤可用研磨消除。四闸阀的检测

　　(3) In general, the repair of valve corrosion involves uniform corrosion of the valve body and cover, while the valve stem often experiences pitting corrosion. When repairing, the corrosion products should be removed first. For valve stems with pitting and pitting, they should be machined on a lathe to eliminate dents, and replaced with packing containing slow-release agents or cleaned with distilled water to remove ions that corrode the valve stem. (4) During the use of repair valves with scratched sealing surfaces, efforts should be made to prevent such scratches, and excessive torque should not be applied when closing the valve. If the sealing surface is scratched, it can be eliminated by grinding. Inspection of Four Gate Valves

　　在目前的市场环境和用户需要中，铁质闸阀占了很大比重。作为产品质量检测人员，除了对产品质量的检测要比较熟悉外，还要对产品本身有较好的了解。

　　In the current market environment and user needs, iron gate valves account for a large proportion. As a product quality inspector, in addition to being familiar with product quality testing, one also needs to have a good understanding of the product itself.

　　01铁质闸阀的检测依据铁质闸阀的检测依据是国家标准GB/T12232-2005《通用阀门法兰连接铁质闸阀》。

　　The testing basis for 01 iron gate valves is the national standard GB/T12232-2005 "General Valve Flanged Iron Gate Valves".

　　02铁质闸阀的检验项目主要包括：标志、最小壁厚、压力试验、壳体试验等，其中壁厚、压力、壳体试验是必须的检查项目，也是关键项目，若有不合格项，可直接判定为不合格产品。

　　The inspection items of 02 iron gate valve mainly include: marking, minimum wall thickness, pressure test, shell test, etc. Among them, wall thickness, pressure, and shell test are necessary inspection items and key items. If there are any unqualified items, they can be directly judged as unqualified products.

　　总之，产品质量检验中是整个产品检验中*重要的组成部分，其重要性不言而喻，作为一线检验工作人员，一定要不断加强自身素质，不但要把产品检验工作做好，还要对检验的产品有一个了解，这样才能更好的做好检验工作。

　　In short, product quality inspection is an essential component of the entire product inspection process, and its importance is self-evident. As frontline inspection personnel, we must constantly strengthen our own quality, not only to do a good job in product inspection, but also to have an understanding of the products being inspected, so as to better carry out the inspection work.