在石油化工生产中，阀门作为流体控制的关键设备，其性能直接影响工艺稳定性与生产安全。从原料输送至产品分离，不同工况对阀门提出多样化需求。本文将系统解析石油化工行业常用阀门类型及其技术特性。

　　In petrochemical production, valves are key equipment for fluid control, and their performance directly affects process stability and production safety. From raw material transportation to product separation, different operating conditions pose diverse demands on valves. This article will systematically analyze the commonly used valve types and their technical characteristics in the petrochemical industry.

　　一、核心阀门类型与功能特性

　　1、 Core valve types and functional characteristics

　　截止阀

　　Globe valve

　　通过阀瓣垂直升降实现介质通断，其锥形密封面设计确保零泄漏性能。在催化裂化装置中，高温油品管线广泛采用角式截止阀，可承受550℃介质温度。该阀种流阻系数达3-4，适用于需精准调节流量的场景，如蒸馏塔回流控制。

　　The medium is connected and disconnected through the vertical lifting and lowering of the valve disc, and its conical sealing surface design ensures zero leakage performance. In catalytic cracking units, angle globe valves are widely used in high-temperature oil pipelines, which can withstand medium temperatures of 550 ℃. This valve has a flow resistance coefficient of 3-4 and is suitable for scenarios that require precise flow regulation, such as reflux control in distillation towers.

　　闸阀

　　Gate valve

　　以楔形闸板直线运动实现全开全关，流阻系数低至0.1-0.2。在原油长输管道中，DN1200大口径闸阀可承受10MPa压力，其双向密封结构适应正反向介质流动。但需注意，部分开启状态易引发涡流，导致阀座磨损。

　　Fully open and fully close with wedge-shaped gate linear motion, with a flow resistance coefficient as low as 0.1-0.2. In long-distance crude oil pipelines, DN1200 large-diameter gate valves can withstand a pressure of 10MPa, and their bidirectional sealing structure is suitable for the flow of forward and reverse media. However, it should be noted that some open states can easily cause eddy currents, leading to valve seat wear.

　　球阀

　　Ball valve

　　通过90°旋转球体控制通断，金属密封球阀在加氢装置中可耐受2200psi氢气环境。三偏心结构球阀实现双向零泄漏，在液化天然气接收站，低温球阀可稳定运行于-196℃工况，开关寿命达10万次以上。

　　The metal sealed ball valve can withstand a 2200psi hydrogen environment in the hydrogenation unit by controlling the on/off of the ball through a 90 ° rotation. The three eccentric structure ball valve achieves bidirectional zero leakage. In liquefied natural gas receiving stations, low-temperature ball valves can operate stably at -196 ℃ and have a switch life of over 100000 times.

　　蝶阀

　　Butterfly valve

　　蝶板旋转调节实现流量控制，双偏心结构使密封面无摩擦启闭。在聚丙烯装置循环水系统，DN2000蝶阀流阻系数仅0.25，配合电动执行机构可实现±1%流量精度调节，但需注意软密封材料耐温极限。

　　Butterfly plate rotation adjustment achieves flow control, and the double eccentric structure ensures frictionless opening and closing of the sealing surface. In the circulating water system of the polypropylene plant, the flow resistance coefficient of the DN2000 butterfly valve is only 0.25, which can be adjusted with an electric actuator to achieve a flow accuracy of ± 1%. However, attention should be paid to the temperature resistance limit of the soft sealing material.

　　调节阀

　　Regulating valve

　　采用流开型阀芯设计，在乙烯裂解炉燃料气控制中，多级降压阀芯将气蚀强度降低80%。智能型调节阀集成压力补偿功能，在精馏塔顶压力控制中，可实现0.1%的设定值偏差。

　　Adopting a flow open valve core design, the multi-stage pressure reducing valve core reduces the cavitation intensity by 80% in the fuel gas control of the ethylene cracking furnace. The intelligent regulating valve integrates pressure compensation function, which can achieve a set value deviation of 0.1% in the top pressure control of the distillation tower.

　　安全阀

　　Safety valve

　　弹簧式安全阀在合成氨装置中，通过热态校验确保32MPa整定压力精准度。先导式安全阀在超高压聚乙烯反应器应用，排放容量达2000kg/h，满足API 527标准要求。

　　The spring type safety valve in the synthetic ammonia plant ensures the accuracy of the 32MPa set pressure through thermal calibration. Pilot operated safety valves are used in ultra-high pressure polyethylene reactors with a discharge capacity of 2000kg/h, meeting the requirements of API 527 standard.

　　止回阀

　　Check valve

　　旋启式止回阀在往复压缩机出口管道中，阀瓣自重设计确保0.5秒内快速关闭，防止脉动流倒灌。对夹式止回阀在消防水系统应用，流阻系数低至0.5，优于同规格闸阀。

　　The rotary check valve is located in the outlet pipeline of the reciprocating compressor, and the self weight design of the valve disc ensures rapid closure within 0.5 seconds to prevent pulsating flow backflow. The clamp type check valve is applied in the fire water system, with a flow resistance coefficient as low as 0.5, which is superior to gate valves of the same specification.

　　隔膜阀

　　Diaphragm valve

　　堰式隔膜阀在硫酸装置中，PTFE隔膜耐蚀性能满足98%浓硫酸工况。直通式结构在医药中间体生产，实现CIP在线清洗，颗粒截留率达99.9%。

　　The PTFE diaphragm corrosion resistance of the weir type diaphragm valve in the sulfuric acid plant meets the requirements of 98% concentrated sulfuric acid conditions. The straight through structure is used in the production of pharmaceutical intermediates to achieve CIP online cleaning, with a particle retention rate of 99.9%.

　　二、特殊工况选型要点

　　2、 Key points for selecting special working conditions

　　高温环境

　　High temperature environment

　　在催化重整装置600℃工况，需选用铬钼钢阀体配高温填料。加热炉燃料油管线采用波纹管密封截止阀，补偿热膨胀量达5mm。

　　In the catalytic reforming unit operating at 600 ℃, chromium molybdenum steel valve body with high-temperature packing should be selected. The fuel oil pipeline of the heating furnace adopts a bellows sealed shut-off valve, compensating for thermal expansion up to 5mm.

　　低温工况

　　Low temperature working condition

　　LNG接收站-162℃环境，奥氏体不锈钢阀体需经深冷处理。延长阀盖设计防止填料冻结，某项目实测显示，加长200mm阀盖可使填料温度维持在-40℃以上。

　　LNG receiving station -162 ℃ environment, austenitic stainless steel valve body needs to undergo cryogenic treatment. Extending the valve cover design to prevent the packing from freezing, a project test showed that extending the valve cover by 200mm can maintain the packing temperature above -40 ℃.

　　腐蚀介质

　　Corrosive medium

　　在氯碱装置盐酸管线，采用哈氏合金C-276阀内件，腐蚀速率低于0.025mm/年。PTFE衬里阀门在湿法磷酸装置，经12个月运行未出现衬层剥离。

　　In the hydrochloric acid pipeline of the chlor alkali plant, Hastelloy C-276 valve internals are used, with a corrosion rate of less than 0.025mm/year. The PTFE lined valve in the wet process phosphoric acid plant has not experienced lining peeling after 12 months of operation.

　　固体颗粒

　　Solid particles

　　煤化工装置气化炉黑水系统，采用角型截止阀，阀瓣流道光洁度达Ra0.4。硬质合金堆焊使阀座寿命延长至8000小时，较普通材质提升5倍。

　　The black water system of the gasification furnace in the coal chemical plant adopts an angular globe valve with a valve disc flow channel smoothness of Ra0.4. Hard alloy overlay welding extends the lifespan of the valve seat to 8000 hours, which is 5 times longer than ordinary materials.

　　随着数字孪生、预测性维护等技术的应用，阀门正向智能化、服务化方向发展，为石化装置安、稳、长、满、优运行提供关键保障。

　　With the application of digital twin, predictive maintenance and other technologies, valves are developing towards intelligence and service-oriented direction, providing key guarantees for the safe, stable, long, full and optimal operation of petrochemical plants.

　　本文由 良工阀门 友情奉献.更多有关的知识请点击  http://www.jnlgvf.com   真诚的态度.为您提供为全面的服务.更多有关的知识我们将会陆续向大家奉献.敬请期待.

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