In the water conveyance system of the hydraulic turbine, according to the needs of the operation and maintenance of the hydropower station, corresponding gates or valves are installed at different positions. Generally, the valves installed in front of the spiral case of the hydraulic turbine are called inlet valves.

水电站比较广泛采用的进水阀型式有：蝴蝶阀、闸阀和球阀。

The types of inlet valves widely used in hydropower stations include butterfly valve, gate valve and ball valve.

（1）闸阀常用于管径小于1m，而工作水头又较高的小型电站。

(1) Gate valves are commonly used in small power plants with pipe diameter less than 1m and high working head.

闸阀具有结构简单，维护方便，造价较低，全开时水力损失小，全关时密封性好等优点，且不会由于水流冲击而自行开启或关闭，因此，不需设锁锭装置。但体积和自重大，启闭时所需操作力大，时间长，动水关闭振动强烈。

The gate valve has the advantages of simple structure, convenient maintenance, low cost, small hydraulic loss when fully opened, good sealing performance when fully closed, and will not open or close by itself due to water flow impact. Therefore, it does not need to set a locking device. However, due to its large volume and self weight, the operation force required for opening and closing is large and the time is long, and the closing vibration of moving water is strong.

闸阀由阀体、阀盖、阀杆和闸板等部件组成。按阀座的型式，闸阀有楔形阀座式和平行阀座式。楔形阀座式的闸板又分为单闸板和双闸板，双闸板又分为明杆和暗杆两种结构。

Gate valve is composed of valve body, valve cover, valve stem, gate plate and other components. According to the type of valve seat, gate valve has wedge seat type and parallel seat type. Wedge seat type gate is divided into single gate and double gate, and double gate is divided into rising stem and non rising stem structures.

（2）蝴蝶阀蝴蝶阀简称蝶阀，为水头在200m以下的电站广泛采用。

(2) Butterfly valve butterfly valve is called butterfly valve for short, which is widely used in power plants with water head below 200m.

进水阀的分类

Classification of inlet valve

蝶阀主要由圆筒形的阀体和可在阀体内绕轴转动的铁饼形活门及其他附属部件组成。

The butterfly valve is mainly composed of a cylindrical valve body, an iron cake shaped valve which can rotate around the shaft in the valve body and other auxiliary parts.

蝶阀关闭时，活门的周围与阀体接触，封闭水流通路。开启时，活门与水流方向平行，水流绕活门的两侧流过。蝶阀具有外形尺寸较小，重量较轻，结构简单，造价较低，操作方便，动水下快速关闭的优点。但活门有影响水流流态，引起水力损失，漏水量较大的缺点。

When the butterfly valve is closed, the periphery of the valve is in contact with the valve body and the water flow path is closed. When opened, the valve is parallel to the water flow direction, and the water flows around both sides of the valve. The butterfly valve has the advantages of small size, light weight, simple structure, low cost, convenient operation and quick closing under moving water. However, the valve has the disadvantages of affecting the flow pattern, causing hydraulic loss and large water leakage.

（3）球阀球阀用于水头大于250 m的大中型电站。

(3) Ball valves are used in large and medium-sized power plants with water head greater than 250 m.

具有关闭严密，漏水很少，密封装置不易磨损。全开时几乎没有水力损失。启闭时所需操作力矩很小，可用于动水紧急关闭，振幅比蝶阀小，但球阀体积大，结构复杂，重量大，造价高昂。球阀一般用水力操作或油压操作。

It is tightly closed, with little water leakage, and the sealing device is not easy to wear. There is almost no hydraulic loss when it is fully opened. The operating torque required for opening and closing is very small, which can be used for dynamic water emergency closing. The amplitude is smaller than that of butterfly valve, but the ball valve has large volume, complex structure, large weight and high cost. Ball valves are generally operated by water or oil pressure.

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