一、节流阀

　　1、 Throttle valve

　　(1)节流阀是通过改变节流截面或节流长度以控制流体流量的阀门。将节流阀和单向阀并联则可组合成单向节流阀。节流阀和单向节流阀是简易的流量控制阀，在定量泵液压系统中，节流阀和溢流阀配合，可组成三种节流调速系统，即进油路节流调速系统、回油路节流调速系统和旁路节流调速系统。

　　(1) A throttle valve is a valve that controls fluid flow by changing the throttle section or length. Parallel connection of throttle valve and one-way valve can be combined to form a one-way throttle valve. Throttle valve and one-way throttle valve are simple flow control valves. In a quantitative pump hydraulic system, the combination of throttle valve and relief valve can form three types of throttling speed control systems, namely inlet line throttling speed control system, return line throttling speed control system, and bypass throttling speed control system.

　　(2)节流阀没有流量负反馈功能，不能补偿由负载变化所造成的速度不稳定，一般仅用于负载变化不大或对速度稳定性要求不高的场合。一种液压压力控制阀。在液压设备中主要起定压溢流作用和安全保护作用。

　　(2) Throttle valves do not have negative flow feedback function and cannot compensate for speed instability caused by load changes. They are generally only used in situations where load changes are not significant or where speed stability requirements are not high. A hydraulic pressure control valve. It mainly plays a role in constant pressure overflow and safety protection in hydraulic equipment.

　　(3)对节流阀的性能要求是:

　　(3) The performance requirements for throttle valves are:

　　1、流量调节范围大，流量压差变化平滑;

　　1. The flow regulation range is large, and the flow pressure difference changes smoothly;

　　2、内泄漏量小，若有外泄漏油口，外泄漏量也要小;

　　2. The internal leakage is small, and if there is an external leakage port, the external leakage should also be small;

　　3、调节力矩小，动作灵敏。

　　3. The adjustment torque is small and the action is sensitive.

　　二、溢流阀

　　2、 Overflow valve

　　(1)溢流阀定压溢流作用：在定量泵节流调节系统中，液压油泵提供的是恒定流量。当系统压力增大时，会使流量需求减小。此时溢流阀开启，使多余流量溢回油箱，保证溢流阀进口压力，即泵出口压力恒定(阀口常随压力波动开启)。

　　(1) The constant pressure overflow function of the overflow valve: In the quantitative pump throttling regulation system, the hydraulic oil pump provides a constant flow rate. When the system pressure increases, it will reduce the flow demand. At this point, the overflow valve opens, allowing excess flow to overflow back into the oil tank, ensuring a constant inlet pressure of the overflow valve, i.e. a constant pump outlet pressure (the valve port often opens with pressure fluctuations).

　　(2)安全保护作用：系统正常工作时，阀门关闭。只有负载超过规定的极限(系统压力超过调定压力)时开启溢流，进行过载保护，使系统压力不再增加(通常使溢流阀的调定压力比系统最高工作压力高10%~20%)。

　　(2) Safety protection function: When the system is working normally, the valve is closed. Only when the load exceeds the specified limit (system pressure exceeds the set pressure), the overflow is activated for overload protection, so that the system pressure no longer increases (usually the set pressure of the overflow valve is 10% to 20% higher than the maximum working pressure of the system).

　　(3)实际应用中一般有：作卸荷阀用，作远程调压阀，作高低压多级控制阀，作顺序阀，用于产生背压(串在回油路上)。溢流阀一般有两种结构:1、直动型溢流阀；2、先导型溢流阀。

　　(3) In practical applications, it is generally used as an unloading valve, a remote pressure regulating valve, a high and low pressure multi-stage control valve, a sequence valve, and is used to generate back pressure (in series on the return oil line). There are generally two types of structures for overflow valves: 1. Direct acting overflow valves; 2. Pilot operated relief valve.

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